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1 | |
2 | GNU Free Documentation License |
3 | Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 |
4 | |
5 | |
6 | Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
7 | <http://fsf.org/> |
8 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
9 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
10 | |
11 | 0. PREAMBLE |
12 | |
13 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
14 | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
15 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
16 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
17 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
18 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
19 | for modifications made by others. |
20 | |
21 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
22 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
23 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
24 | license designed for free software. |
25 | |
26 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
27 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
28 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
29 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
30 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
31 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
32 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
33 | |
34 | |
35 | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
36 | |
37 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
38 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
39 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
40 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
41 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, |
42 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
43 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you |
44 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
45 | under copyright law. |
46 | |
47 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
48 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
49 | modifications and/or translated into another language. |
50 | |
51 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
52 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
53 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
54 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
55 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
56 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
57 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
58 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
59 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
60 | them. |
61 | |
62 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
63 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
64 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
65 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
66 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
67 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
68 | Sections then there are none. |
69 | |
70 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
71 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
72 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
73 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
74 | |
75 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
76 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
77 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
78 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
79 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
80 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
81 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
82 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
83 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
84 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
85 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
86 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
87 | |
88 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
89 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
90 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
91 | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
92 | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
93 | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
94 | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
95 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
96 | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word |
97 | processors for output purposes only. |
98 | |
99 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
100 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
101 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
102 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
103 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
104 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
105 | |
106 | The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of |
107 | the Document to the public. |
108 | |
109 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
110 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
111 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
112 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", |
113 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" |
114 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
115 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. |
116 | |
117 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
118 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
119 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
120 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
121 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
122 | no effect on the meaning of this License. |
123 | |
124 | 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
125 | |
126 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
127 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
128 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
129 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no |
130 | other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
131 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
132 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
133 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
134 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
135 | |
136 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
137 | you may publicly display copies. |
138 | |
139 | |
140 | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
141 | |
142 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
143 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
144 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
145 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
146 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
147 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
148 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
149 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
150 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
151 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
152 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
153 | as verbatim copying in other respects. |
154 | |
155 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
156 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
157 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
158 | pages. |
159 | |
160 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
161 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
162 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
163 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
164 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
165 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
166 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
167 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
168 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
169 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
170 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
171 | edition to the public. |
172 | |
173 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
174 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to |
175 | give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
176 | Document. |
177 | |
178 | |
179 | 4. MODIFICATIONS |
180 | |
181 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
182 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
183 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
184 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
185 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
186 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
187 | |
188 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
189 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
190 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
191 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
192 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
193 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
194 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
195 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
196 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
197 | unless they release you from this requirement. |
198 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
199 | Modified Version, as the publisher. |
200 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
201 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
202 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
203 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
204 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
205 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
206 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
207 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
208 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
209 | I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add |
210 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
211 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
212 | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
213 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
214 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
215 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
216 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
217 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
218 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
219 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
220 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
221 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
222 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
223 | K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
224 | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all |
225 | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
226 | and/or dedications given therein. |
227 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
228 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
229 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
230 | M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
231 | may not be included in the Modified Version. |
232 | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" |
233 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
234 | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
235 | |
236 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
237 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
238 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
239 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
240 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
241 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
242 | |
243 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
244 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
245 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
246 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
247 | standard. |
248 | |
249 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
250 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
251 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
252 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
253 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
254 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
255 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
256 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
257 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
258 | |
259 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
260 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
261 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
262 | |
263 | |
264 | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
265 | |
266 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
267 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
268 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
269 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
270 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
271 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
272 | |
273 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
274 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
275 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
276 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
277 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
278 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
279 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
280 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
281 | |
282 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
283 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
284 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
285 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
286 | Entitled "Endorsements". |
287 | |
288 | |
289 | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
290 | |
291 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
292 | documents released under this License, and replace the individual |
293 | copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy |
294 | that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules |
295 | of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all |
296 | other respects. |
297 | |
298 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
299 | distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a |
300 | copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
301 | License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
302 | document. |
303 | |
304 | |
305 | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
306 | |
307 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
308 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
309 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
310 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
311 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
312 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
313 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
314 | derivative works of the Document. |
315 | |
316 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
317 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
318 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
319 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
320 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
321 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
322 | aggregate. |
323 | |
324 | |
325 | 8. TRANSLATION |
326 | |
327 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
328 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
329 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
330 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
331 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
332 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
333 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
334 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
335 | the original English version of this License and the original versions |
336 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
337 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
338 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
339 | |
340 | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
341 | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
342 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
343 | title. |
344 | |
345 | |
346 | 9. TERMINATION |
347 | |
348 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
349 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
350 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and |
351 | will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
352 | |
353 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license |
354 | from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, |
355 | unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally |
356 | terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder |
357 | fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to |
358 | 60 days after the cessation. |
359 | |
360 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
361 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
362 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
363 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
364 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
365 | your receipt of the notice. |
366 | |
367 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
368 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
369 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
370 | reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does |
371 | not give you any rights to use it. |
372 | |
373 | |
374 | 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
375 | |
376 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the |
377 | GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions |
378 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in |
379 | detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
380 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
381 | |
382 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
383 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
384 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
385 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
386 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
387 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
388 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
389 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document |
390 | specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this |
391 | License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a |
392 | version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the |
393 | Document. |
394 | |
395 | 11. RELICENSING |
396 | |
397 | "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any |
398 | World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also |
399 | provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A |
400 | public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A |
401 | "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site |
402 | means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. |
403 | |
404 | "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 |
405 | license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit |
406 | corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, |
407 | California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license |
408 | published by that same organization. |
409 | |
410 | "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in |
411 | part, as part of another Document. |
412 | |
413 | An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this |
414 | License, and if all works that were first published under this License |
415 | somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or |
416 | in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and |
417 | (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. |
418 | |
419 | The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site |
420 | under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, |
421 | provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. |
422 | |
423 | |
424 | ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
425 | |
426 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
427 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
428 | license notices just after the title page: |
429 | |
430 | Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
431 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
432 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
433 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
434 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
435 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
436 | Free Documentation License". |
437 | |
438 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
439 | replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
440 | |
441 | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
442 | Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
443 | |
444 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
445 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
446 | situation. |
447 | |
448 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
449 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
450 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
451 | to permit their use in free software. |