3 <title>dygraphs JavaScript Visualization Library
</title>
5 <script type=
"text/javascript" src=
"excanvas.js"></script>
7 <script type=
"text/javascript" src=
"dygraph-combined.js"></script>
8 <style type=
"text/css">
14 border-collapse: collapse;
16 .thinborder td, .thinborder th {
32 border-left:
2px solid rgb(
229,
236,
249);
55 <li><b>Documentation
</b>
57 <li><a href=
"#demo">Demo
</a>
58 <li><a href=
"#usage">Usage
</a>
59 <li><a href=
"#baseball">Baseball chart
</a>
60 <li><a href=
"#stock">Stock chart
</a>
61 <li><a href=
"#options">Options Reference
</a>
62 <li><a href=
"#policy">Data Policy
</a>
67 <li><a href=
"http://github.com/danvk/dygraphs">Source
</a>
68 <li><a href=
"http://code.google.com/p/dygraphs/issues/">Issues
</a>
69 <li><a href=
"http://code.google.com/p/dygraphs/issues/entry">Report Bug
</a>
70 <li><a href=
"mailto:danvdk [at] gmail">Contact
</a>
76 <li><a href=
"tests/demo.html">Basic Demo
</a>
77 <li><a href=
"tests/gviz.html">GViz Demo
</a>
78 <li><a href=
"tests/plotter.html">Equation Plotter
</a>
79 <li><a href=
"tests/perf.html">Performance Test
</a>
80 <li><a href=
"tests/perf.html">Fractions
</a>
82 <li><a href=
"tests/label-div.html">Labels in a DIV
</a>
83 <li><a href=
"tests/numeric-axis.html">Numeric Axis
</a>
84 <li><a href=
"tests/draw-points.html">Dotted Points
</a>
86 <li><a href=
"tests/native-format.html">Native Format
</a>
87 <li><a href=
"tests/grid_dot.html">Crazy Styles
</a>
88 <li><a href=
"tests/spacing.html">Tick spacing
</a>
89 <li><a href=
"tests/callback.html">Callbacks
</a>
90 <li><a href=
"tests/crosshair.html">Crosshairs
</a>
91 <li><a href=
"tests/hourly.html">Hourly/Minutely data
</a>
93 <li><a href=
"tests/isolated-points.html">Isolated Points
</a>
94 <li><a href=
"tests/missing-data.html">Missing Data
</a>
96 <li><a href=
"tests/border.html">Bordered chart
</a>
97 <li><a href=
"tests/custom-bars.html">Custom Bars
</a>
98 <li><a href=
"tests/customLabel.html">Custom Label Styles
</a>
99 <li><a href=
"tests/dygraph.html">Minimal Example
</a>
100 <li><a href=
"tests/negative.html">Negative Numbers
</a>
101 <li><a href=
"tests/noise.html">Noisy Data
</a>
102 <li><a href=
"tests/two-series.html">Multiple Series
</a>
108 <p><span style=
"font-size:28pt;">dygraphs JavaScript Visualization Library
</span><br/>
109 <a href=
"http://github.com/danvk/dygraphs">http://github.com/danvk/dygraphs
</a><br/>
110 See
<a href=
"tests/">gallery
</a> and
<a href=
"http://code.google.com/p/dygraphs/issues/">open issues
</a></p>
112 <p>The dygraphs JavaScript library produces produces interactive, zoomable charts of time series. It is designed to display dense data sets and enable users to explore and interpret them.
</p>
116 <li>Plots time series without using an external server or Flash
</li>
117 <li>Supports error bands around data series
</li>
118 <li>Displays values on mouseover (this makes it easily discoverable)
</li>
119 <li>Interactive zoom
</li>
120 <li>Adjustable averaging period
</li>
121 <li>Customizable click-through actions
</li>
122 <li>Compatible with the Google Visualization API
</li>
123 <li>Works in Internet Explorer (using excanvas)
</li>
124 <li>Intelligent defaults make it easy to use
</li>
125 <li>Lightweight (
45kb) and responsive
</li>
128 <a name=
"demo"><h2>Demo
</h2>
129 <p><font size=-
1>(Mouse over to highlight individual values. Click and drag to zoom. Double-click to zoom back out. Change the number and hit enter to adjust the averaging period.)
</font></p>
130 <div id=
"title" style=
"width:800px; text-align:center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%;">Temperatures in New York vs. San Francisco
</div>
131 <div id=
"demodiv" style=
"width:800px; height:320px;"></div>
132 <script type=
"text/javascript">
134 document.getElementById(
"demodiv"),
145 <p>Some things to notice:
</p>
147 <li>There's less seasonal temperature variation in SF than in NY.
148 <li>The difference is about
15° F for SF vs.
50° F for NY.
149 <li>The daily data (set rolling period to
1) is quite noisy and hides this conclusion.
150 <li>Using a
14-day moving average makes it clearer. A
100-day rolling period averages out nearly all the specifics from the data.
151 <li>There's a gap in the data for SF, when the weather station was down (zoom into October
2007 to see it).
152 <li>The bands around each point indicate average highs and lows.
153 <li>There is a
<i>lot
</i> of data in this chart: low, average and high for each city on each day of a three year period
≈ 6000 data points in all.
156 <p>For more demos, browse the dygraph
<a href=
"tests/">tests
</a> directory.
</p>
158 <a name=
"usage"><h2>Usage
</h2>
160 <p>To use dygraphs, include the
<code>dygraph-combined.js
</code> JavaScript file and instantiate a
<code>Dygraph
</code> object.
</p>
162 <p>Here's a basic example to get things started:
</p>
166 <td rowspan=
2><img src=arrow.gif
/></td>
172 <script
type=
"text/javascript"
173 src=
"dygraph-combined.js"></script
>
176 <div
id=
"graphdiv"></div
>
177 <script
type=
"text/javascript">
180 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv"),
181 // CSV or path to a CSV file.
182 "Date,Temperature\n" +
192 <div id=
"graphdiv"></div>
195 <script type=
"text/javascript">
197 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv"), // containing div
198 "Date,Temperature\n" + // CSV or path to a CSV file.
205 <p>In order to keep this example self-contained, the second parameter is raw CSV data. The dygraphs library parses this data (including column headers), resizes the its container to a reasonable default, calculates appropriate axis ranges and tick marks and draws the graph.
</p>
207 <p>In most applications, it makes more sense to include a CSV file instead. If the second parameter to the constructor doesn't contain a newline, it will be interpreted as the path to a CSV file. The Dygraph will perform an XMLHttpRequest to retrieve this file and display the data when it becomes available. Make sure your CSV file is readable and serving from a place that understands XMLHttpRequest's! In particular, you cannot specify a CSV file using
<code>"file:///"</code>. Here's an example: (data from
<a href=
"http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KNUQ/2007/1/1/CustomHistory.html?dayend=31&monthend=12&yearend=2007&req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA">Weather Underground
</a>)
</p>
211 <td rowspan=
2><img src=arrow.gif
/></td>
217 <script
type=
"text/javascript"
218 src=
"dygraph-combined.js"></script
>
221 <div
id=
"graphdiv"
222 style=
"width:500px; height:300px;"></div
>
223 <script
type=
"text/javascript">
225 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv"),
226 "temperatures.csv", // path to CSV file
234 <div id=
"graphdiv2" style=
"width:500px; height:300px;"></div>
237 <script type=
"text/javascript">
239 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv2"),
240 "temperatures.csv", {}
244 <p>Click
<a href=
"temperatures.csv">here
</a> to view the
<code>temperatures.csv
</code> file. There are a few things to note here:
</p>
247 <li>The Dygraph sent off an XHR to get the temperatures.csv file.
</li>
248 <li>The labels were taken from the first line of
<code>temperatures.csv
</code>, which is
<code>Date,High,Low
</code>.
</li>
249 <li>The Dygraph automatically chose two different, easily-distinguishable colors for the two data series.
</li>
250 <li>The labels on the x-axis have switched from days to months. If you zoom in, they'll switch to weeks and then days.
</li>
251 <li>Some heuristics are used to determine a good vertical range for the data. The idea is to make all the data visible and have human-friendly values on the axis (i.e.
200 instead of
193.4). Generally this works well.
</li>
252 <li>The data is very spiky. A moving average would be easier to interpret.
</li>
255 <p>This problem can be fixed by specifying the appropriate options in the
"additional options" parameter to the Dygraph constructor. To set the number of days for a moving average, use the
<code>rollPeriod
</code> option. Here's how it's done:
</p>
259 <td rowspan=
2><img src=arrow.gif
/></td>
265 <script
type=
"text/javascript"
266 src=
"dygraph-combined.js"></script
>
269 <div
id=
"graphdiv"
270 style=
"width:500px; height:300px;"></div
>
271 <script
type=
"text/javascript">
273 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv"),
284 <div id=
"graphdiv3" style=
"width:500px; height:300px;"></div>
287 <script type=
"text/javascript">
289 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv3"),
295 <p>A rolling average can be set using the text box in the lower left-hand corner of the graph (the showRoller attribute is what makes this appear). Also note that we've explicitly set the size of the chart div.
</p>
298 <p>Another significant feature of the dygraphs library is the ability to display error bars around data series. One standard deviation must be specified for each data point. A +/-
<i>n
</i> sigma band will be drawn around the data series at that point. If a moving average is being displayed, dygraphs will compute the standard deviation of the average at each point. (i.e.
<i>σ</i> = sqrt((
<i>σ_1
</i>^
2 +
<i>σ_2
</i>^
2 + ... +
<i>σ_n
</i>^
2)/
<i>n
</i>))
</p>
300 <p>Here's a demonstration. There are two data series. One is
<code>N(
100,
10)
</code> with a standard deviation of
10 specified at each point. The other is
<code>N(
80,
20)
</code> with a standard deviation of
20 specified at each point. The CSV file was generated using Octave and can be viewed
<a href=
"twonormals.csv">here
</a>.
</p>
304 <td rowspan=
2><img src=arrow.gif
/></td>
310 <script
type=
"text/javascript"
311 src=
"combined.js"></script
>
314 <div
id=
"graphdiv"
315 style=
"width:600px; height:300px;"
317 <script
type=
"text/javascript">
318 $ = document.getElementById;
333 <div id=
"graphdiv4" style=
"width:600px; height:300px;"></div>
336 <script type=
"text/javascript">
337 $ = document.getElementById;
339 document.getElementById(
"graphdiv4"),
344 valueRange: [
50,
125]
349 <p>Things to note here:
</p>
351 <li>The
<b>errorBars
</b> option affects both the interpretation of the CSV file and the display of the graph. When
<b>errorBars
</b> is set to true, each line is interpreted as
<i>YYYYMMDD
</i>,
<i>A
</i>,
<i>sigma_A
</i>,
<i>B
</i>,
<i>sigma_B
</i>,...
</li>
352 <li>The first line of the CSV file doesn't mention the error columns. In this case, it's just
"Date,Series1,Series2".
</li>
353 <li>The averaging visibly affects the error bars. This is most clear if you crank up the rolling period to something like
100 days. For the earliest dates, there won't be
100 data points to average so the signal will be noisier. The error bars get smaller like sqrt(N) going forward in time until there's a full
100 points to average.
</li>
354 <li>The error bars are partially transparent. This can be seen when they overlap one another.
</li>
357 <a name=
"baseball"><h2>Charting Fractions
</h2>
358 <p>Situations often arise where you want to plot fractions, e.g. the fraction of respondents in a poll who said they'd vote for candidate X or the number of hits divided by at bats (baseball's batting average). Fractions require special treatment for two main reasons:
</p>
361 <li>The average of
<code>a1/b1
</code> and
<code>a2/b2
</code> is
362 <code>(a1+a2)/(b1+b2)
</code>, not
<code>(a1/b1 + a2/b2)/
2</code>.
363 <li>The normal approximation is not always applicable and more sophisticated
364 confidence intervals (e.g. the
<a
365 href=
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_proportion_confidence_interval">Wilson
366 confidence interval
</a>) must be employed to avoid ratios that exceed
100% or
370 <p>Fortunately, dygraphs handles both of these for you! Here's a chart and the command that generated it:
</p>
372 <div style=
"width:750px; text-align:center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%;">Batting Average for Ichiro Suzuki vs. Mariners (
2004)
</div>
373 <div id=
"baseballdiv" style=
"width:750px; height:300px;"></div>
374 <script type=
"text/javascript">
375 new Dygraph(document.getElementById(
"baseballdiv"),
376 "suzuki-mariners.txt", {
387 document.getElementById(
"baseballdiv"),
"suzuki-mariners.txt",
389 fractions: true, errorBars: true,
390 showRoller: true, rollPeriod:
15
394 <p>The
<code>fractions
</code> option indicates that the values in each column should be parsed as fractions (e.g.
"1/2" instead of
"0.5"). The
<code>errorBars
</code> option indicates that we'd like to see a confidence interval around each data point. By default, when
<code>fractions
</code> is set, you get a Wilson confidence interval. If you look carefully at the chart, you can see that the error bars are asymmetric.
</p>
396 <p>A couple things to notice about this chart:
</p>
398 <li>The error bars for Ichiro's batting average are larger than for the Mariners', since he has far fewer at bats than his team.
399 <li>dygraphs makes it easy to see
"batting average over the last 30 games". This is ordinarily quite difficult to compute. It makes it clear where the
"hot" and
"cold" part of Suzuki's season were.
400 <li>If you set the averaging period to something large, like
200, you'll see the team's and player's batting average through that game. The final number is the overall batting average for the season.
401 <li>Where the error bars do not overlap, we can say with
95% confidence that the series differ. There is a better than
95% chance that Ichiro was a better hitter than his team as a whole in
2004, the year he won the batting title.
404 <a name=
"stock"><h2>One last demo
</h2>
406 <p>This chart shows monthly closes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, both in nominal and real (i.e. adjusted for inflation) dollars. The shaded areas show its monthly high and low. CPI values with a base from
1982-
84 are used to adjust for inflation.
</p>
408 <div id=dow_chart
style=
"width:900px; height:350px;"></div>
409 <script type=
"text/javascript">
410 // From http://www.econstats.com/eqty/eq_d_mi_3.csv
412 document.getElementById('dow_chart'),
421 Here is a script to regenerate the Dow Jones plot:
423 # Get unadjusted DJIA data in a nice format:
424 curl -O http://www.econstats.com/eqty/eq_d_mi_3.csv
425 sed '
1,
17d' eq_d_mi_3.csv | cut -d, -f1,
6 | perl -pe 's/(\d{
4}-\d\d)-\d\d/$
1/g' | perl -pe 's/, */
\t/' | grep -v 'na' | perl -ne 'chomp; ($m,$v) = split/
\t/; $close{$m} = $v; if ($low{$m} ==
0 || $v < $low{$m}) { $low{$m}=$v } if ($v
> $high{$m}) { $high{$m} = $v } END { for $x(sort keys %close) { print
"$x\t$low{$x}\t$close{$x}\t$high{$x}\n" } } '
> monthly-djia.tsv
427 # Fetch and format the CPI data:
428 curl 'http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet?series_id=CUUR0000SA0&years_option=all_years&periods_option=all_periods&output_type=column&output_format=text&delimiter=comma'
> cpi-u.txt
429 sed '
1,/Series Id,Year,/d' cpi-u.txt | sed '/^$/,$d' | cut -d, -f2,
3,
4 | perl -ne 'print if /,M(
0[
0-
9]|
1[
012]),/' | perl -pe 's/(\d{
4}),M(\d{
2}),/$
1-$
2\t/g'
> cpi-u.tsv
432 join -t' ' cpi-u.tsv monthly-djia.tsv
> annotated-djia.tsv
433 perl -ne 'BEGIN{print
"Month,Nominal,Real\n"} chomp; ($m,$cpi,$low,$close,$high) = split /
\t/; $cpi /=
100.0; print
"$m-15,$low;$close;$high,",($low/$cpi),
";",($close/$cpi),
";",($high/$cpi),
"\n"' annotated-djia.tsv
> dow.txt
439 <h2>Other Options
</h2>
440 <p>These are the options that can be passed in through the optional third parameter of the Dygraph constructor. To see demonstrations of many of these options, browse the
<a href=
"tests/">dygraphs tests
</a> directory.
</p>
442 <table class=thinborder width=
900>
443 <tr><th>Name
</th><th>Sample Value
</th><th>Description
</th></tr>
445 <td><b>includeZero
</b></td>
446 <td><code>true, false
</code></td>
447 <td>Usually, dygraphs will use the range of the data plus some padding to
448 set the range of the y-axis. If this option is set, the y-axis will always
449 include zero, typically as the lowest value. This can be used to avoid
450 exaggerating the variance in the data.
</td>
454 <td><b>rollPeriod
</b></td>
455 <td><code>7</code></td>
456 <td>Number of days over which to average data. Discussed extensively above.
</td>
460 <td><b>showRoller
</b></td>
461 <td><code>true
</code></td>
462 <td>Should the rolling average period text box be shown? Default is false.
</td>
466 <td><b>colors
</b></td>
467 <td><code>['red',
'#
00FF00']
</code></td>
468 <td>List of colors for the data series. These can be of the form
"#AABBCC"
469 or
"rgb(255,100,200)" or
"yellow", etc. If not specified, equally-spaced
470 points around a color wheel are used.
</td>
474 <td><b>colorSaturation
</b></td>
475 <td><code>1.0</code></td>
476 <td>If
<b>colors
</b> is not specified, saturation of the
477 automatically-generated data series colors. (
0.0-
1.0, default:
482 <td><b>colorValue
</b></td>
483 <td><code>0.5</code></td>
484 <td>If colors is not specified, value of the data series colors, as in
485 hue/saturation/value. (
0.0-
1.0, default
0.5)
</td>
489 <td><b>clickCallback
</b></td>
490 <td><code>function(e,date){ alert(date); }
</code></td>
491 <td>A function to call when a data point is clicked. The function should take
492 two arguments, the event object for the click and the date that was
493 clicked. (default null)
</td>
497 <td><b>zoomCallback
</b></td>
498 <td><code>function(minDate,maxDate) {}
</code></td>
499 <td>A function to call when the zoom window is changed (either by zooming
500 in or out). minDate and maxDate are millis since epoch.
</td>
504 <td><b>strokeWidth
</b></td>
505 <td><code>2.0</code></td>
506 <td>Width of the data lines. This can be used to increase the contrast or
507 some graphs. (default
1.0)
</td>
511 <td><b>dateWindow
</b></td>
512 <td><code>[Date.parse('
2006-
01-
01'),
<br/>
513 (new
Date()).valueOf()]
</code></td>
514 <td>Initially zoom in on a section of the graph. Is of the form [earliest,
515 latest], where earliest/latest are millis since epoch. By default, the
516 full range of the input is shown.
</td>
520 <td><b>valueRange
</b></td>
521 <td><code>[
10,
110]
</code></td>
522 <td>Explicitly set the vertical range of the graph to [low, high]. By
523 default, some clever heuristics are used (see above).
</td>
527 <td><b>labelsSeparateLines
</b></td>
528 <td><code>true
</code></td>
529 <td>Put
<br/
> between lines in the label string. Often used in
530 conjunction with
<b>labelsDiv
</b>. (default false)
</td>
534 <td><b>labelsDiv
</b></td>
535 <td><code>document.getElementById('foo')
</code></td>
536 <td>Show data labels in an external div, rather than on the graph. (default
541 <td><b>labelsKMB
</b></td>
542 <td><code>true
</code></td>
543 <td>Show K/M/B for thousands/millions/billions on y-axis (default
548 <td><b>labelsDivWidth
</b></td>
550 <td>Width (in pixels) of the div which shows information on the
551 currently-highlighted points.
</td>
555 <td><b>labelsDivStyles
</b></td>
557 <td>Additional styles to apply to the currently-highlighted points div. For
558 example, { 'font-weigth': 'bold' } will make the labels bold.
</td>
562 <td><b>highlightCircleSize
</b></td>
563 <td><code>3</code></td>
564 <td>Size (in pixels) of the dot drawn over highlighted points (default
3).
</td>
568 <td><b>drawPoints
</b></td>
569 <td><code>false
</code></td>
570 <td>Draw a small dot at each point, in addition to a line going through
571 the point. This makes the individual data points easier to see, but can
572 increase visual clutter in the chart. Default: false
</td>
576 <td><b>pointSize
</b></td>
577 <td><code>1.0</code></td>
578 <td>The size of the dot to draw on each point in pixels (see
579 drawPoints). A dot is always drawn when a point is
"isolated", i.e.
580 there is a missing point on either side of it. This also controls the
581 size of those dots.
</td>
585 <td><b>pixelsPerXLabel
</b>,
<b>pixelsPerYLabel
</b></td>
587 <td>Number of pixels to require between each x- and y-label. Larger values
588 will yield a sparser axis with fewer ticks. Defaults:
60 (x-axis),
30
593 <td><b>xAxisLabelWidth
</b>,
<b>yAxisLabelWidth
</b></td>
595 <td>Width (in pixels) of the x- and y-axis labels.
</td>
599 <td><b>axisLabelFontSize
</b></td>
601 <td>Size of the font (in pixels) to use in the axis labels, both x- and
606 <td><b>rightGap
</b></td>
608 <td>Number of pixels to leave blank at the right edge of the Dygraph. This
609 makes it easier to highlight the right-most data point.
</td>
613 <td><b>errorBars
</b></td>
614 <td><code>false
</code></td>
615 <td>Does the data contain standard deviations? Setting this to true alters
616 the input format (see above). (default false)
</td>
620 <td><b>sigma
</b></td>
622 <td>When errorBars is set, shade this many standard deviations above/below
627 <td><b>fractions
</b></td>
629 <td>When set, attempt to parse each cell in the CSV file as
"a/b", where a
630 and b are integers. The ratio will be plotted. This allows computation of
631 Wilson confidence intervals (see below).
</td>
635 <td><b>wilsonInterval
</b></td>
637 <td>Use in conjunction with the
"fractions" option. Instead of plotting +/-
638 N standard deviations, dygraphs will compute a Wilson confidence interval
639 and plot that. This has more reasonable behavior for ratios close to
0 or
644 <td><b>customBars
</b></td>
646 <td>When set, parse each CSV cell as
"low;middle;high". Error bars will be
647 drawn for each point between low and high, with the series itself going
652 <h2>Common Gotchas
</h2>
653 <p>Here are a few problems that I've frequently run into while using the
654 dygraphs library.
</p>
657 <li>Make sure your CSV files are readable! If your graph isn't showing up,
658 the XMLHttpRequest for the CSV file may be failing. You can determine whether
659 this is the case using tools like
<a
660 href=
"http://www.getfirebug.com/">Firebug
</a>.
</li>
662 <li>Make sure your CSV files are in the correct format. They must be of the
663 form
<code>YYYYMMDD,series1,series2,...
</code>. And if you set the
664 <code>errorBars
</code> property, make sure you alternate data series and
665 standard deviations.
</li>
667 <li>dygraphs are not happy when placed inside a
<code><center
></code>
668 tag. This applies to the CSS
<code>text-align
</code> property as well. If you
669 want to center a Dygraph, put it inside a table with
"align=center"
672 <li>Don't set the
<code>dateWindow
</code> property to a date. It expects
673 milliseconds since epoch, which can be obtained from a JavaScript Date
674 object's valueOf method.
</li>
676 <li>Make sure you don't have any trailing commas in your call to the Dygraph
677 constructor or in the options parameter. Firefox, Chrome and Safari ignore
678 these but they can cause a graph to not display in Internet Explorer.
</li>
683 <p>dygraphs is purely client-side JavaScript. It does not send your data to any
684 servers -- the data is processed entirely in the client's browser.
</p>
686 <p><font size=-
1>Created May
9,
2008 by
<a href=mailto:danvdk@gmail.com
>Dan Vanderkam
</a></font></p>
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